A two-layer model for studying 2D dissolved pollutant runoff over impermeable surfaces

Dissolved pollutants in stormwater are a main contributor to water pollution in urban environments. However, many existing transport models are semi-empirical and only consider one-dimensional flows, which limit their predictive capacity. Combining the shallow water and the advection–diffusion equations, a two-dimensional physically based model is developed for dissolved pollutant transport by adopting the concept of a ‘control layer’. A series of laboratory experiments has been conducted to validate the proposed model, taking into account the effects of buildings and intermittent rainfalls. The predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental observations, which supports the assumption that the depth of the control layer is constant. Based on the validated model, a parametric study is conducted, focusing on the characteristics of the pollutant distribution and transport rate over the depth. The hyetograph, including the intensity, duration and intermittency, of rainfall event has a significant influence on the pollutant transport rates. The depth of the control layer, rainfall intensity, surface roughness and area length are dominant factors that affect the dissolved pollutant transport. Finally, several perspectives of the new pollutant transport model are discussed. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the dissolved pollutant transport processes on impermeable surfaces and urban stormwater management.     

高层高强钢组合偏心支撑框架抗震性能简化分析

高强钢组合偏心支撑钢框架是一种新型的抗震结构体系,为分析其抗震性能,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了简化分析模型。在验证该简化模型合理有效的基础上,建立了某十层算例的整体模型,施加竖向荷载的同时施加水平倒三角形循环荷载作用,进而分析了该算例的滞回性能。研究表明:本文提出的简化分析模型不仅可以较准确的模拟该结构体系的延性和抗侧刚度,还可以有效预测结构的变形分布和非线性性能。     

利用光变曲线估计猎鹰九号火箭末级的旋转状态研究

光度观测是地基观测空间目标的主要手段之一,利用光度信息能够估计空间目标的相关特征信息。为了更好地了解空间目标的旋转状态,选取具有代表性的猎鹰九号火箭末级作为研究对象,由其光变信息研究旋转状态。首先利用云南天文台1.2 m光学望远镜获取猎鹰九号火箭末级的光度数据,再对目标星等进行斜距归一化,得到目标光变信息并分析目标星等随时间变化的曲线,估计大致的旋转周期,再由相位离散最小化方法计算会合周期。根据太阳、目标和测站之间的位置关系、惯性主轴指向、旋转轴指向、初始相位等因素,采用姿态旋转矩阵计算理论星等,利用最小二乘原则确定惯性主轴方向及初相角度、旋转轴指向。最后给出了猎鹰九号火箭末级的旋转周期、会合周期以及旋转轴指向等参数,为后续开展其他空间目标光度信息研究提供参考。     

Influence of Stress on Void Ratios of Compacted Crushed Rock Masses in Coal Mine Gobs

The transfer and evolution of stress among rock blocks directly change the void ratios of crushed rock masses and affect the flow of methane in coal mine gobs. In this study, a Lagrange framework and a discrete element method, along with the soft-sphere model and EDEM numerical software, were used. The compaction processes of rock blocks with diameters of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 m were simulated with the degrees of compression set at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. This study examines the influence of stress on void ratios of compacted crushed rock masses in coal mine gobs. The results showed that stress was mainly transmitted downward through strong force chains. As the degree of compression increased, the strong force chains extended downward, which resulted in the stress at the upper rock mass to become significantly higher than that at the lower rock mass. It was determined that under different degrees of compression, the rock mass of coal mine gobs could be divided, from the bottom to the top, into a lower insufficient compression zone (ICZ) and an upper sufficient compression zone (SCZ). From bottom to top, the void ratios in the ICZ sharply decreased and those in the SCZ slowly decreased. Void ratios in the ICZ were 1.2–1.7 times higher than those in the SCZ.

     

Analysis of Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Mining-Induced Fracture Field: A Case Study Using Image Processing in the Shaqu Coal Mine,China

Natural Resources Research - Mining-induced fracture plays a key role in gas drainage for gas burst-prone underground coal mines, especially for closely multilayered coal seams. The layout and...     

Study and application of PS-wave pre-stack migration in HTI media and an anisotropic correction method

Anisotropy correction is necessary during the processing of converted PSwave seismic data to achieve accurate structural imaging, reservoir prediction, and fracture detection. To effectively eliminate the adverse effects of S-wave splitting and to improve PSwave imaging quality, we tested methods for pre-stack migration imaging and anisotropic correction of PS-wave data. We based this on the propagation rules of seismic waves in a horizontal transverse isotropy medium, which is a fractured medium model that reflects likely subsurface conditions in the field. We used the radial (R) and transverse (T) components of PS-wave data to separate the fast and slow S-wave components, after which their propagation moveout was effectively extracted. Meanwhile, corrections for the energies and propagation moveouts of the R and T components were implemented using mathematical rotation. The PS-wave imaging quality was distinctly improved, and we demonstrated the reliability of our methods through numerical simulations. Applying our methods to three-dimensional and three-component seismic field data from the Xinchang-Hexingchang region of the Western Sichuan Depression in China, we obtained high-quality seismic imaging with continuous reflection wave groups, distinct structural features, and specific stratigraphic contact relationships. This study provides an effective and reliable approach for data processing that will improve the exploration of complex, hidden lithologic gas reservoirs.     

基于Android平台的分布式无线微震采集站布站与监控软件研究与实现

由于地震勘探仪器呈现小型化、无线化、智能化发展趋势,传统操作平台无法满足便携式勘探仪器使用需要.因此本文利用Android移动设备便携性、普及性高,用户基础好的特点,实现了基于Android平台的无线微震采集站布站与监控软件.该软件在大范围野外施工中,为施工人员提供包括定位、测距、测角、网络监测等全程可视化布站功能,同时提供监测施工中小型、大型微震采集站阵列实时网络情况,以及采集站状态的智能控制、数据实时监控等功能.经过施工测试,软件稳定性好、便携性高,极大提高野外施工效率.     

冈底斯中段厅宫地区比马组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄

桑日群广泛分布于冈底斯火山岩浆弧的中东段，是新特提斯洋俯冲作用的代表性记录。本文对冈底斯中段厅宫地区桑日群比马组开展了碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素测年和地球化学特征研究，结果表明：比马组所含的碎屑锆石具有85.7~143.5Ma、160.2~191.2Ma、334.4~364.1Ma和904Ma四个年龄段，其中最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄为85.7±1.9Ma，结合古生物资料，认为比马组形成于早—晚白垩世，其物源主要来自于拉萨地块，尤其是冈底斯岩基剥蚀源区；岩石地球化学特征显示，比马组沉积主要来源于长英质岩石，是上地壳源区物质经风化剥蚀后搬运沉积形成。     

Kainsaz(CO3)陨石中两个富Al球粒的氧同位素组成特征与形成演化

富Al球粒是原始球粒陨石中一种矿物岩石学特征介于富钙铝包体(CAIs)和镁铁质硅酸盐球粒之间的特殊集合体,所以常常认为富Al球粒在认识CAIs和镁铁质硅酸盐球粒形成演化过程中的相互联系具有特殊意义。然而,对富Al球粒的初始物质组成以及形成演化过程一直存在较多争议,而氧同位素组成研究能够对球粒演化和早期星云环境等提供重要的信息。在本文中我们报导了来自Kainsaz(1937年降落于俄罗斯,CO3型)碳质球粒陨石中的2个富Al球粒(编号K1-CH1和K2-CH2)的矿物岩石学和氧同位素组成特征。K1-CH1的矿物组成主要为橄榄石、低钙辉石和富钙长石,K2-CH2为橄榄石和富钙长石。2个球粒中的矿物均具有贫~(16)O同位素组成特征。K1-CH1中矿物的△~(17)O组成基本上位于2个区间:-11.1‰～-8.7‰和-3.9‰～0.4‰;而K2-CH2的△~(17)O介于-6.6‰～-0.6‰之间,且具有从中部至边部升高的趋势。矿物岩石学和氧同位素特征表明,这2个富Al球粒的初始物质组成为富CAIs和镁铁质硅酸盐。在球粒熔融结晶过程中,与贫~(16)O同位素组成(△~(17)O:-8.7‰～-7.8‰)的星云发生了氧同位素交换。球粒形成后,发生迁移进入陨石母体,在相对更贫~(16)O同位素组成(△~(17)O:-0.6‰～0.4‰)的母体中(流体参与)发生变质作用,并再次发生了氧同位素交换。     

Zircon U–Pb geochronology,whole-rock geochemical,and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic constraints on the timing and origin of Permian and Triassic mafic dykes from eastern North China Craton

Acta Geochimica - This work reports an important episode of extensional, mafic magmatism that impacted the North China Craton (NCC) during the Permo-Triassic and influenced the evolution of this...